COMPARISION OF THE COAGULATION PROFILE IN TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS PATIENTS WITH GOOD GLYCAEMIC CONTROL AND POOR GLYCAEMIC CONTROL

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes significantly impacts the hemostatic system, fostering a prothrombotic state that accelerates atherosclerosis and heightens cardiovascular risk. These disruptions affect various components of coagulation, including platelet activity, clotting factors, natural anticoagulants, and the fibrinolytic pathway. In a comparative analysis involving 84 individuals with Type 2 diabetes, researchers evaluated coagulation patterns in two equally sized groups based on glycemic control those with HbA1c below 7% (well-controlled) and those with HbA1c equal to or above 7% (poorly controlled). The findings revealed meaningful differences in coagulation parameters between the groups. Participants with inadequate glycemic control exhibited longer prothrombin time (14.24 vs. 13.69 seconds; p=0.042) and activated partial thromboplastin time (33.28 vs. 32.32 seconds; p=0.001), alongside significantly increased D-dimer levels (649.45 vs. 560.43 ng/mL; p=0.001). These abnormalities were accompanied by markedly elevated urinary albumin (59.67 vs. 13.38 mg/dL; p=0.001) and higher rates of glycosuria (88.1% vs. 40.5%; p=0.001), indicating more advanced diabetic complications in the poorly controlled group. Notably, demographic characteristics such as age, sex, and hematological profiles were comparable across groups, eliminating confounding influences and underscoring glycemic control as the key variable. The co-existence of prolonged coagulation times with elevated D-dimer points to a hemostatic imbalance where clotting is simultaneously inefficient and hyperactive. Furthermore, the correlation with nephropathy indicators like albuminuria and glycosuria highlights the wide-reaching, interconnected nature of diabetes-related systemic damage. Ultimately, the study suggests that these coagulation anomalies might serve as novel biomarkers for cardiovascular risk in diabetic individuals. Most importantly, the results stress the vital role of consistent glycemic management not only to ward off classic diabetes complications but also to maintain balanced coagulation and reduce cardiovascular risk.