Prevalence of Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome, Its Risk Factors and Medical Management in a Tertiary Care Hospital of West Bengal: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a clinical condition characterized by symptoms such as tremors, agitation, seizures, and delirium tremens that occur after abrupt cessation or reduction of alcohol consumption in dependent individuals. It contributes significantly to morbidity and hospitalization. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of AWS, identify its associated risk factors, and evaluate medical management practices in a tertiary care hospital of West Bengal. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted among 78 patients diagnosed with AWS over a 12-month period. Data were collected regarding demographic profile, alcohol use history, risk factors, and management strategies. Statistical analysis included prevalence calculation, odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI, and chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of AWS was 7.8% among medical admissions. The mean age was 42.6 ± 10.8 years, with male predominance (89.7%). Common risk factors were heavy daily alcohol intake (>80g/day) (46.1%), previous withdrawal episodes (29.4%), poor nutrition (23.0%), and co-morbid liver disease (15.3%). Significant association was observed between heavy alcohol consumption and AWS (OR = 3.45, 95% CI: 1.65–7.19, p<0.01). Most patients were managed with benzodiazepines (85.8%), thiamine supplementation (74.3%), antipsychotics (20.5%), and supportive care (32.0%). Conclusion: AWS remains a significant public health concern in West Bengal, particularly among middle-aged men with chronic heavy alcohol intake. Early diagnosis, benzodiazepine-based detoxification, and nutritional support are key strategies for effective management.