A Case Series of Paraquat Poisoning: Clinical Presentation, Management, and Outcomes

Abstract

Background: Paraquat, a highly toxic herbicide, causes severe organ damage and
has a high mortality rate. Though banned in few states in India, it remains accessible
in Kerala and is increasingly used for self-poisoning.
Methods: A retrospective review of medical records from October to December 2024
of patients who presented within 48 hours of ingestion of Paraquat, diagnosis
confirmed by history and urine dithionate test was identified. Data on clinical
presentation, investigations, management, and outcomes were collected.
Results: Ten patients, five men and five women, aged 20–60 years, appeared within
48 hours of ingestion. All patients had impaired liver function tests (LFT), and 9 had
impaired renal function tests (RFT). Six patients developed lung involvement with
desaturation. Management included hemoperfusion (7 patients), immunosuppressive
therapy (8 patients), and hemodialysis (5 patients). Nine patients expired, primarily
due to renal and lung failure, while one survived with resolved organ dysfunction.
Conclusions: Despite intensive treatment, paraquat poisoning has a high death rate,
underscoring the need for efficient preventive measures and more research into
therapeutic approaches.