Cardiovascular Manifestations in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Cross-Sectional Study at a Tertiary Care Center

Authors

Dr. Anamika Singh Hada, Dr. Manoj Kumar P K, Dr. Prakash Joshi Author

Keywords:

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Cardiovascular Manifestations, Echocardiography, Diastolic Dysfunction, Valve Abnormalities, Subclinical Cardiac Involvement

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular disease is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in
systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), often underdiagnosed due to subclinical
presentations.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of cardiovascular
involvement in SLE patients using echocardiography, correlating findings with
clinical and laboratory parameters.
Methods: In a hospital-based cross-sectional study over 18 months, 100 adult
patients diagnosed with SLE based on ACR criteria were enrolled. Detailed clinical
evaluation, laboratory investigations, and 2D echocardiographic assessments were
performed.
Results: The mean age was 36.77 ± 13.61 years, with the majority in the 18–30 age
group. Echocardiographic abnormalities were found in 52% of patients, with valvular
defects (44%) and diastolic dysfunction (18%) being the most common. Pericardial
effusion and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) were seen in 8% and 11% of cases
respectively. Laboratory analysis indicated frequent anemia and elevated
inflammatory markers (ESR, CRP).
Conclusion: Cardiovascular involvement is prevalent among SLE patients, often
without overt clinical symptoms. Regular echocardiographic screening and a
multidisciplinary approach are vital for early detection and intervention.