MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS OF LIVER AND ITS CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE

Abstract

Background: The liver, the largest gland in the human body, often displays morphological variations such as accessory fissures, lobes, and notches, which are seldom emphasized in standard anatomical literature. Understanding these variations is crucial for accurate radiological interpretation and safe surgical procedures.
Aim: To study the morphological variations of the liver and their clinical significance through cadaveric examination.
Methodology: A total of 50 formalin-fixed cadaveric livers of unknown age and sex were studied over four years at Smt. Kashibai Navale Medical College & General Hospital, Pune. Livers with no visible damage were included. Morphological variations such as accessory fissures, lobes, and surface features were observed and photographed.
Results: Out of 50 livers, 25 showed normal morphology while the remaining 25 exhibited variations. Accessory fissures were the most common variation, found in 30% of specimens, followed by accessory lobes (10%), Riedel’s lobe (10%), Rouviere’s sulcus (10%), and Pons hepatis (8%). One specimen showed absence of the quadrate lobe. Variations were classified based on Netter’s classification. No significant vascular or ductal variations were noted upon further dissection.
Conclusion: Morphological variations of the liver, particularly accessory fissures and lobes, are relatively common and may pose diagnostic challenges during imaging or complications during surgery. Awareness of these anatomical differences is essential for radiologists and surgeons. Although cadaveric studies limit direct clinical correlation, they provide valuable anatomical insights for clinical practice.