To Study the Histopathological Variations of Non - Neoplastic Skin Lesions in a Tertiary Care Centre of Central Rajasthan

Abstract

Background and Objective: Skin lesions are a prevalent occurrence across the
globe, yet their clinical appearance can vary significantly based on demographic
factors and geographical regions. Accurate diagnosis is crucial since the management
approach differs for each case. Therefore, histopathology serves as an indispensable
tool for establishing a definitive diagnosis. The main objective of this study is to
analyse the histopathological patterns of biopsy samples from non-neoplastic skin
lesions.
Material and Methods: This prospective study was conducted at the Department of
Pathology, J.L.N. Medical College, and its affiliated hospitals in Ajmer, from July
2022 to December 2023. A total of 200 patients were enrolled whose skin biopsy
samples exhibited clear indications of specific non-neoplastic conditions. Cases with
insufficient or autolyzed skin biopsies were excluded from the study.
Results: In the current study of 200 cases, the average age of the sample was found
to be 38.92 years. Among the participants, there were 84 females and 116 males. The
nodule was the most common clinical lesion, accounting for 38% of cases.
Epidermal keratinous cyst was the most frequent histopathological diagnosis (25%),
followed by infectious disorders of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Within the
infectious disorders, leprosy was the most common subtype, representing 13.5% of
cases. Histopathological diagnosis was consistent with clinical diagnosis in 177 cases
(88.5%), with a kappa measure of agreement of 0.847.
Conclusion: The gold standard for diagnosing various skin lesions remains
histopathological examination of skin biopsies. When combined with the patient's
clinical history, it significantly contributes to the accurate diagnosis of the majority
of skin conditions.