Epidemiological Profile and Pattern of Ocular Injuries in the Industrial Region of Alwar: A Retrospective Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Ocular injuries remain a major public health issue globally, often
leading to permanent vision loss or impairment. The industrial region of Alwar,
Rajasthan, characterized by its dense population engaged in manufacturing,
mechanical, and construction work, poses a unique challenge regarding the risk of
ocular trauma due to workplace hazards. Despite the high incidence of ocular
injuries, data on their epidemiological pattern in this region remain scarce. This
retrospective observational study aims to analyze the demographic characteristics,
causes, and types of ocular injuries among patients in Alwar's industrial region.
Methods: The study was conducted at Rajiv Gandhi Government Hospital, Alwar,
from December 2023 to November 2024. Data were collected from the medical
records of 79 patients who presented with ocular injuries during this period. The
demographic characteristics, causes, types of injuries, laterality, and time to hospital
presentation were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 24, with
descriptive statistics and chi-square tests applied.
Results: A total of 79 patients were included in the study, with 52 males (65.82%)
and 27 females (34.18%), and a mean age of 33.94 years. The most commonly
affected age group was 31-40 years (25.31%). Road traffic accidents (RTA) were the
leading cause of ocular injury (20.25%), followed by workplace-related injuries
(35.44%). Blunt trauma (35.44%) and foreign body injuries (27.85%) were the most
common types of injury. The majority of patients (32.91%) presented to the hospital
within 6–24 hours of the injury. The right eye was more frequently affected
(48.10%), and bilateral injuries were observed in 7.59% of cases.
Conclusion: This study highlights the significant burden of ocular trauma in the
industrial region of Alwar, with road traffic accidents and workplace injuries being
the predominant causes. The findings emphasize the need for improved workplace
safety measures, community awareness programs, and the routine use of protective
eyewear. Early medical intervention is crucial to minimize the risk of permanent
visual impairment, and efforts must focus on reducing delays in hospital
presentation.