PATHOLOGY IN RESOURCE-LIMITED SETTINGS

Abstract

Background: Pathology services in resource-limited settings face significant
challenges due to inadequate infrastructure, staffing shortages, and limited access to
advanced diagnostic tools. This study was conducted at Mahavir Institute of Medical
Sciences, Vikarabad, to examine the diagnostic patterns, constraints, and the role of
pathology in managing diseases in such settings.
Objectives: To evaluate the most common diagnostic categories in a resourceconstrained pathology department, identify the limitations in diagnostic capabilities,
and assess the impact of these limitations on patient care.
Methods: A prospective study was conducted over one year involving 100 patients
from various age groups. Diagnostic categories, including infectious diseases,
hematological disorders, and nutritional deficiencies, were analyzed. Data were
collected from laboratory records, and diagnostic challenges, including reagent
shortages and equipment failures, were documented. Descriptive statistics were used
to analyze the frequency and distribution of diagnoses.
Results: The most frequently diagnosed conditions were infectious diseases (35%),
followed by hematological disorders (25%). A significant number of patients (28%)
could not undergo advanced diagnostic procedures due to the unavailability of
resources. Diagnostic delays were observed in 15% of the cases due to power failures
and equipment malfunctions. Despite these challenges, basic diagnostic tests such as
blood smears and urine analysis provided valuable insights into patient conditions.
Conclusion: The study highlights the critical role of basic pathology services in
resource-limited settings, where conventional diagnostic methods remain essential
despite the lack of advanced technologies. The findings underscore the need for
better infrastructure, training, and resource allocation to improve the quality of
healthcare delivery in such settings. Public health education and early detection
programs could further reduce the burden on pathology services and improve patient
outcomes.