Evaluating the Association Between Metformin Therapy and Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Metformin is a first-line pharmacological treatment for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) due to its efficacy and safety profile. However, prolonged metformin use has been associated with vitamin B12 deficiency, which may lead to hematological and neurological complications.
Objective: This study aims to evaluate the association between metformin therapy and vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with T2DM through a cross-sectional analysis.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving T2DM patients undergoing metformin therapy. Data on patient demographics and serum vitamin B12 levels were collected and analyzed. Statistical methods were employed to assess the correlation between metformin exposure and B12 levels.
Results:This study included 200 Type 2 diabetes patients: 100 on metformin and 100 not.
Vitamin B12 deficiency was significantly higher in the metformin group (35% vs. 15%, p = 0.014).Mean B12 levels were lower with metformin use (320 ± 56 vs. 348 ± 63 pg/mL, p = 0.008).Metformin use remained an independent predictor of B12 deficiency (OR: 2.5; p = 0.014).
Conclusion:Our findings indicate a significant association between metformin therapy and Vitamin B12 deficiency in Type 2 diabetes patients. Regular B12 monitoring is recommended, especially for long-term or older metformin users. Further studies are needed to explore causality and underlying mechanisms.