Proinflammatory Cytokines and insight into mediators of pathophysiology of Ischemic stroke

Abstract

Abstract
Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death and the most frequent cause of disability
worldwide. Currently, stroke diagnosis is based on neuroimaging; therefore, the lack
of a rapid tool to diagnose stroke is still a major concern. In addition, therapeutic
approaches to combat ischemic stroke are still scarce, since the only approved
therapies are directed toward restoring blood flow to the affected brain area.
However, due to the reduced time window during which these therapies are effective,
few patients benefit from them; therefore, alternative treatments are urgently needed
to reduce stroke brain damage in order to improve patients’ outcome. The
inflammatory response triggered after the ischemic event plays an important role in
the progression of stroke; consequently, the study of inflammatory molecules in the
acute phase of stroke has attracted increasing interest in recent decades. Here, we
provide an overview of the inflammatory processes occurring during ischemic stroke,
as well as the potential for these inflammatory molecules to become stroke
biomarkers and the possibility that these candidates will become interesting
neuroprotective therapeutic targets to be blocked or stimulated in order to modulate
inflammation after stroke.