Evaluation of association between thyroid dysfunction in the type 2 diabetes mellitus

Abstract

Background: Thyroid dysfunction (TD) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are
among the most prevalent endocrine disorders worldwide. Emerging evidence
suggests a bidirectional relationship between thyroid hormones and glucose
metabolism. This study aims to evaluate the correlation between thyroid dysfunction
and type 2 diabetes by analyzing thyroid hormone levels (FT3, FT4, TSH) and
assessing associated changes in lipid and renal profiles.
Methodology: An observational, cross-sectional study was conducted in the
endocrinology department of a tertiary care institution. A total of 64 inpatients
diagnosed with T2DM, aged between 30 and 80 years, were included. Each
participant underwent a comprehensive preoperative evaluation, including
measurement of FT3, FT4, TSH, lipid profile, and renal parameters. The frequency
and type of thyroid dysfunction were recorded. Correlations between TSH, glycemic
control (FBS, HbA1c), and other metabolic parameters were analyzed using Pearson
correlation coefficients.
Results: The study found a significant positive correlation between TSH and both
FBS and HbA1c, while FT3 and FT4 levels were negatively correlated with glycemic
markers. Thyroid dysfunction was prevalent among the diabetic population, with
subclinical hypothyroidism being the most common. Abnormalities in lipid and renal
profiles were more frequent in T2DM individuals with coexisting thyroid
dysfunction. Comparisons with a similar study by Vamshidhar et al. (2020) validated
our findings, further confirming the interrelationship between TD and poor glycemic
control.
Conclusion: Thyroid dysfunction is common in patients with T2DM and is
significantly associated with poor glycemic control and abnormal lipid and renal
profiles. Regular screening for thyroid dysfunction in diabetic patients may help in
early diagnosis and management, potentially improving metabolic outcomes and
reducing the risk of long-term complications.