Case Study of Plasmodium Vivax Malaria with Multiorgan Dysfunction Syndrom

Abstract

Introduction: Exposure to drugs in utero may induce developmental alterations,
including impaired growth, birth defects, and altered brain development. Zidovudine
(ZDV) with a chemical name AZT, is a thymidine analog, exhibits teratogenic and
Plasmodium vivax, traditionally considered a benign malaria species, is increasingly
being reported to cause severe complications, including multiorgan dysfunction
syndrome (MODS). This case study presents a 62-year-old male patient diagnosed
with Plasmodium vivax malaria, complicated by MODS, including acute kidney
injury (AKI) and liver dysfunction. The patient presented with high-grade fever,
chills, and systemic symptoms, eventually requiring intensive medical intervention.
Diagnosis was confirmed through laboratory findings, including peripheral smear
and biochemical markers indicating multiorgan involvement. Treatment included
intravenous antimalarial drugs, supportive care, and organ-specific management.
Remarkable clinical recovery was observed after nine days of hospitalization. This
case underscores the need for early diagnosis and aggressive management in severe
malaria cases, challenging the traditional perception of Plasmodium vivax as a less
severe pathogen. Future research must focus on understanding the pathophysiology
of severe vivax malaria to improve clinical outcomes.